2020 @MIT Call for Seed Proposals

Scientific Area: Earth Systems: Oceans to near Space

Abstract: We propose a joint Portuguese-MIT collaboration between Dr. Lélia Matos (IPMA) and Prof. Ed Boyle (MIT) to undertake the first tests of the fidelity of cold water corals as recorders of past intermediate-water Cr and Cr isotope ratios. Cr and Cr isotopes are sensitive to ocean oxygenation levels, particularly near very low oxygen zones (ODZs). Ocean oxygen has been decreasing for the past 50 years and ocean models suggest that it will continue to decrease into the future. In order to better understand the processes that control oxygenation of the ocean, we need to have longer records, which can only be obtained from geological proxies from corals and sediments. We will evaluate how well coral Cr and Cr isotope records can constrain ocean oxygenation levels from the past.

MIT PIs:
Prof. Edward Boyle – EAPS

PT PIs:
Dr. Lélia Matos with Fátima Abrantes & Antje Voelker – IPMA Lisboa

Project Report :
2020-2021 Seed Project Report

Scientific Area: Sustainable Cities 

Abstract: The MIT AgeLab proposes to collaborate with the University of Coimbra and the University of Porto to test distinct tools developed by each team in urban environments in both the U.S. and in Portugal to examine and quantify the quality of urban spaces for older adults. The ultimate goal is to improve the quality of these urban spaces to support the mobility and well-being of a growing older population. The work directly contributes to MPP2030’s goals of sustainable cities through helping cities become age-ready by exploring how urban design and features of the built environment contribute to the mobility, safety, well-being and quality of life of the growing urban populations of older adults.

MIT PIs:
Joseph Coughlin – Director and PI, MIT AgeLab

PT PIs:
Assistant Prof. Anabela Ribeiro – Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade de Coimbra
Assistant Prof. Ana Bastos – Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade de Coimbra
Associate Prof. Fernando Alves – Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade do Porto
Assistant Prof. Sara Cruz – Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade do Porto

Other Collaborators:
Lisa D’Ambrosio; Samantha Brady; Taylor Patskanick – Research Scientist, MIT AgeLab, CTL

Project Report :
2020-2021 Seed Project Report

Scientific Area: Climate Science & Climate Change

Abstract: The increasing concern regarding climate change has highlighted the need for high temporal and spatial resolution monitoring of key climate impacting mechanisms. This seed funding project is being proposed to develop linkages between 2 current MIT student activities and Portuguese collaborators focused on in-situ observations of flight vehicles in the environment to monitor and mitigate climate change mechanisms. The first activity uses the historical fleet of aircraft as in-situ data probes and explores the use of data mining of historical fight data to identify environmental change patterns as well as opportunities for improved flight efficiency. The second activity is the student based development of flight vehicles designed for specific environmental monitoring missions. This is linked to current capstone design projects in Course 16 (Aero/Astro) as well as the Harvard-MIT Institute for Radical Advances in High Resolution 4D Climate Imaging and Risk Forecasting.

MIT PIs:
Prof. John R. Hansman –  AeroAstro

PT PIs:
Prof. Alexandra Moutinho – Dep. Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa 
Prof. José Carlos Teixeira – Dep. Engenharia Mecânica, Escola de Engenharia da Universidade do Minho

This grant is renewed until August 31, 2023. 

Scientific Area: Climate Science & Climate Change | Earth Systems: Oceans to Near Space

Abstract: The Oceans play a key role in regulating the ecosystem of the planet. For this reason, a thorough and in-depth scientific understanding of the phenomena occurring therein is of paramount importance for strategic and sustainable exploration and exploitation of ocean resources. The need is to investigate and solve, under a synthetic framework, a number of scientific and technological problems that have so far prevented a unified approach to the challenge of ocean observation utilizing air and space assets. This can only be accomplished by bringing together a number of complementary scientific and technological disciplines, methodologies, and tools that are at the root of a multi-domain system of systems approach to ocean observation and encompass the space, air, and ocean subsystems of Earth. Proposed herein is a step toward accomplishing this goal through a collaboration with João Tasso de Figueiredo Borges de Sousa at the University of Porto on the development of an advance buoyancy engine for extended ocean observation.

MIT PIs:
Prof. Doug Hart – Mechanical Engineering

PT PIs:
Instituto Hidrográfico; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade do Porto; +Atlantic Associação para um Laboratório Colaborativo do Atlântico; Imar-Instituto Do Mar

Other Collaborators:
Tekever Ii Autonomous Systems, Lda; +Atlantic Associação para um Laboratório Colaborativo do Atlântico; Deimos Engenharia S.A.; Efacec; Spin Works S.A.

Scientific Area: Digital Transformation in Manufacturing 

Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) is poised to enable re-engineering of advanced systems from automobiles to satellites; it inspires user-centric innovation and will find applications in all stages of the product life cycle from prototyping through maintenance and repair. As such, AM is tightly bound to the objectives of the MPP2030 program as it is the ultimate fusion of the digital and physical, and it requires complex data systems and new software tools to reach its great potential [1]. The goal of this seed project is to build quantitative understanding of how part design for AM, manufacturability, and performance are interrelated, and how these interconnections can be leveraged to establish digitally-driven production systems at scale. Specifically, we plan to create: (1) an interactive estimator to quantitatively link design, manufacturability and part value/cost for AM; and (2) a structured understanding of the implications of AM on the product development cycle through in-depth industry case studies. We hope to deploy these tools and insights to academic and industry partners in Portugal, via mutual interaction between our work, the MIT APT Center, and the DONELab and DTX Colab at U. Minho. The seed project and ensuing results will also lay the framework for a potential MPP flagship program to be proposed later in 2020.

MIT PIs:
Prof. John Hart – MechE

PT PIs:
Prof. Paulo Sampaio – Universidade do Minho;
Prof. António Pontes – Universidade do Minho;
Prof. Jorge Belinha – ISEP Porto

Other Collaborators:
Kaitlyn Gee (Graduate Student); Suh In Kim (Postdoctoral Associate); Haden Quinlan (Sponsored Research Staff) – MIT 

Scientific Area: Earth Systems: Oceans to near Space

Abstract: Effective and efficient collection of synoptic data across a range spatial and temporal scales from oceans to near space will drive the design of a complex systems of systems (SoS). The SoS that has to be created will brings together sensing from 1) space systems (satellites) 2) airborne systems (UAVs) 3) surface systems (crewed ships) as well as autonomous surface vessels (ASVs) and 4) underwater systems (UUVs). In addition to long term observations, the SoS must be able to respond to short time scale phenomena with initially unknown spatial distribution. The SoS may involve large number of assets which will need to be dynamically allocated. A SoS discrete event simulation will be developed that models the physics of the different sensing platforms as well as the sensing capabilities on each platform. A planning and execution control framework will be used to explore a set of different objective functions. The most effective use of the SoS is expected to vary considerably with the choice of objective function.

MIT PIs:
Prof. Daniel Hastings – AeroAstro, MechE

PT PIs:
Prof. João Tasso de Figueiredo Borges de Sousa – Faculdade de Engenharia,Universidade do Porto

Project Report :
2020-2023 Seed Project Report

Scientific Area: Climate Science & Climate Change | Sustainable Cities 

Abstract: This project will be carried out by the multi-disciplinary team of three power engineering/systems researchers and one expert in economics/finance/climate change/energy policy. The objective is to demonstrate through highly granular modeling and simulations that optimizing voltage dispatch and model predictive ramp rate-limited real power dispatch represent two key data-enabled technologies for significant cost savings when implementing carbon constraint. Two qualitatively different electric energy systems will be tested. For São Miguel and Flores Azores Islands power systems cost savings will be studied when meeting required carbon constraint. The entire Western Europe test system will be used to show how when enhancing operations through data-enabled voltage and ramp-rate optimization, major savings can be achieved by avoiding large expected transmission investments. Notably, given allowed cost of meeting carbon constraint, potentially non-negligible effect on climate change by Western Europe will be assessed. Finally, effects of smart cities participation in these grid services will be studied.

MIT PIs:
Visiting Prof. Marija Ilic – LIDS

PT PIs:
Prof. Pedro Carvalho and Luís Ferreira – Instituto Superior Técnico – Universidade de Lisboa 

Other Collaborators:
John Parsons – Senior Lecturer at the MIT Sloan School of Management

Scientific Area: Earth Systems: Oceans to Near Space 

Abstract: This project will develop cooperative localization and tracking algorithms for teams of robots operating in sea, air, or Space environments, using range-only measurements. Distributed remote sensing is a vital area of interest in many fields that benefit from the ability to stitch together high-resolution local data over widespread areas to obtain a more global understanding of a given system. We will work both on the underlying algorithmic basis for cooperative range-only localization algorithms, and on the physical realization using networks of robots in our laboratory. We will develop a robust cooperative localization algorithm, and will test it initially with low-cost ultra-wideband (UWB) sensors, suitable for use in air or space; we will test this initially with multiple robot platforms, and we will explore ocean verification of the algorithm using existing marine robot assets at the MIT Sailing Pavilion. We will also explore the issue of cooperative localization across different domains.

MIT PIs:
Prof. John Leonard –  MechE, CSAIL

PT PIs:
Prof. Marcos Martins; Prof. Luís Miguel Valente Gonçalves – Universidade do Minho

Other Collaborators:
Prof. Pierre Lermusiaux and Prof. Doug Hart, Dr. Mike Benjamin, who maintains the Autonomy program at the MIT Sailing Pavilion

Scientific Area: Earth Systems: Oceans to Near Space

Abstract: For intelligent ocean exploration and sustainable ocean utilization, the need for smart autonomous underwater vehicles, surface craft, and small aircrafts is rapidly increasing. Applications include scientific studies, solar-wind-wave energy harvesting, transport and distribution of goods, naval operations, security, acoustic surveillance, communication, search and rescue, marine pollution, ocean cleanup, conservation, fisheries, aquaculture, mining, and monitoring and forecasting. Designing optimal paths leads to cost savings, longer operational time, and environmental protection. Our goal is to develop and apply our optimal planning theory and methodology to increase the efficiency of surface craft and underwater vehicles operating in uncertain dynamic ocean conditions. For the first time, we combine environmental forecasting with stochastic control and risk theory, and employ fundamental partial-differential-equations (PDEs) and efficient level-set solutions for exact reachability and path planning. Our novel proposed ocean applications include energy-optimal path planning, optimal environment harvesting, optimal cleanup, and information-optimal exploration and Bayesian machine learning.

MIT PIs:
Prof. Pierre Lermusiaux – MechE

PT PIs:
Prof. João Tasso de Figueiredo Borges de Sousa –  Universidade do Porto

Other Collaborators:
Prof. Douglas Hart, Prof. Dava Newman, Prof. John Leonard

Scientific Area: Earth Systems: Oceans to Near Space

Abstract: ISR-Lisboa and SSL propose to continue their collaboration by developing research on algorithms for autonomous robotic assembly of space structures from parts made from on-orbit additive manufacturing. The research will advance the area of autonomy of robotic assemblers (Astrobee) using high-level path planning (RRT*), nonconvex trajectory optimization, and low-level control methods (tube-based MPC) for assembly of space structures to enhance earth observation and support for space environment missions (area 2). On-orbit 3D printing is used to manufacture parts to allow for adaptive design of the space structure during assembly (area 3). Furthermore, these novel methods can overcome challenges in interactions between multi-agent systems (including collision avoidance) and changes in physical properties (due to grasping or additive manufacturing), all in the microgravity environment. Methods will be experimentally validated with the Astrobee free-flyer robots in ground and microgravity testing at the SSL facility and the ISS, respectively. The team plans two ISS test sessions, a visit by ISR-Lisboa team members to MIT, and visits from both teams to NASA Ames for Astrobee experiments.

MIT PIs:
Prof. Richard Linares – AeroAstro

PT PIs:
Prof. Rodrigo Ventura –  Instituto de Sistemas e Robótica, Universidade de Lisboa 

Other Collaborators:
Rebecca Masterson – MIT;
Bryce Doerr – Ph.D.; Postdoctoral Fellow; SSL, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT; 
Alvar Saenz-Otero – Ph.D.; Principal Research Scientist; SSL, Dept of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT;
MIT graduate students: lead ground testing of algorithms using the MIT SSL Astrobee satellites.

Project Report :
2020-2021 Seed Project Report 

Scientific Area: Digital Transformation in Manufacturing

Abstract: Additive manufacturing, such as 3D printing, holds the promise to significantly change how products are manufactured. For instance, the ability to produce products in one piece rather than multiple parts significantly reduces the need to develop specialized tools and equipment for assembly and eliminates assembly time. In addition, since 3D printing can create parts on-demand, warehouses that stock large quantities of replacement parts are no longer needed. While 3D printing holds great promise, it is difficult for companies to estimate the effect of introducing 3D printing into their production chains. The goal of our project is to use data science techniques and advanced modeling approaches to provide production managers with information on how 3D printing would impact their production chain. This will allow production managers to determine if they should switch to 3D printing and if yes, what steps need to be taken to adapt the production chain.

MIT PIs:
Assistant Prof. Stefanie Mueller – EECS, CSAIL, MechE

PT PIs:
Prof. Samuel Moniz – Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Industrial, Universidade de Coimbra 

Other Collaborators:
Portuguese Industry Collaborators: Ikea Industry Furniture/Retail Company; Amkor Technology Portugal | US Industry Collaborators: Ford Automotive

Project Report :
2020-2021 Seed Project Report

Scientific Area: Climate Science & Climate Change | Earth Systems: Ocean to Near Space 

Abstract: Numerical models are one of the most effective tools to understand the ocean dynamics at coastal, regional, and global scales. We propose to build on our experience in large-scale simulation for fluid mechanics applications to develop a high-order, scalable global ocean model with unprecedented accuracy and resolution. The developed model will incorporate the latest advances in algorithms and computer hardware including GPUbased computers. We will work with our collaborators at MIT and in Portugal who are domain experts and will provide advice on the specific physical models and validation tests. In particular, we will work with the group of Professor Revlas at the University of Algarve to simulate the coastal ocean dynamics in the Gulf of Cadiz [Garel 2016]. Prof. Revlas’s group has hourly profiles of velocity and wind over the inner continental shelf and has adeep understanding of the coastal dynamics in that area.

MIT PIs:
Prof. Jaime Peraire – AeroAstro

PT PIs:
Prof. Paulo Revlas –  Oceanography and Climate Change, Universidade do Algarve; 
Dr. Erwan Garel – Principal Research Scientist at the Center for Marine and Climate Change, Universidade do Algarve 

Other Collaborators:
Cuong C. Nguyen (co-PI), Department of Aeronautics and Astronautic

Project Report :
2020-2021 Seed Project Report

Scientific Area: Climate Science & Climate Change

Abstract:The proposed work aims to develop a technology that take full advantage of Portuguese surplus renewable energy (wind and hydro energy) and convert it into methanol (MeOH) as sustainable transport fuels. This surplus power-to-fuel technology is enabled by coupling CO2 capture with CO2 hydrogenation to MeOH using H2 generated from renewable resources. To realize this design, we propose to gathering data for CO2 adsorption performances of porous materials from Portuguese abundant resources and define suitable CO2 adsorbents. Furthermore, we will start from our previously developed CO2 hydrogenation catalyst optimize its performance at industrial conditions. We expect a material that captures CO2 from air at near room temperature, and a catalyst that efficiently covert the adsorbed CO2 into methanol at relatively mild conditions (75 bar CO2/H2, 80 °C) to fully utilize the intermittently available clean energy and advance Portuguese transport sector.

MIT PIs:
Prof. Yang Shao-Horn – MechE, DMSE

PT PIs:
Prof. Luísa Martins (Co-PI) – Dep. de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico

Scientific Area: Climate Science & Climate Change

Abstract: This project will examine the changing nature of rare but extreme shortage events affecting the availability of the solar and wind energy. Previous research identified these events as occurring several times per decade, but much remains unknown about how their frequencies, intensities, and durations vary across global locations and over time. Yet these events could considerably impact the efficacy of climate change mitigation strategies that rely on renewable energy because compensating for them will require additional investment. Such investment may focus on combining resources from a larger geographical area or on storing energy and managing energy consumption. Solutions must be built to adapt to climate change. Our project will develop understanding of shortage event characteristics and the consequences for mitigation and adaptation strategies, by combining expertise in climate change mitigation, climate science, and data science.

MIT PIs:
Associate Prof. Jessica Trancik – IDSS

PT PIs:
Assistant Prof. Susana Vieira – Dep. Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico; 
Assistant Prof. Miguel Centeno Brito – Dep. de Engenharia Geográfica, Geofísica e Energia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa;
Frederico Custódio – Head of Intelligence and Explorative Research, Product & Service Development Unit, CEiiA 

Other Collaborators:
Prof. Paul O’Gorman – Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, MIT 
Principal Research Scientist Xiang Gao – Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, MIT and Postdoctoral Associate

Scientific Area: Climate Science & Climate Change 

Abstract: Understanding the climatic impacts on society and people’s subjective well-being is crucial for developing mitigation and adaptation strategies. However, insufficient research has been conducted to quantify the climatic impacts on expressed sentiment in Portugal. We will use millions of geotagged tweets from Twitter in Portugal, coupled with the meteorological conditions people face when posting, to explore: (1) Portuguese’s beliefs in Climate Change: Whether and how do people in Portugal communicate on social media about Climate Change? (2) Climate Change’s social consequences in Portugal. What are the effects of Climate Change and related natural disasters (such as drought, heatwaves, and wildfires) on human psychology? (3) Climate Change and behavioral changes in Portugal. How do mitigation and adaptation ideas, actions and policies spread on social media? We will develop a novel analytical approach by combining environmental data and social media data, and employing methodologies from computer science, climate studies, and psychological research.

MIT PIs:
Associate Prof. Zheng, Siqi – DUSP

PT PIs:
Prof. Isabel Loureiro – UMinho
Prof. Marco Paínho; Associated Prof. Pedro Cabral, Assistant Prof. Miguel de Castro Neto –  NOVA Information Management School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Other Collaborators:
Jianghao Wang, Research Scientist, MIT Sustainable Urbanization Lab; Department of Urban Studies and Planning and Center for Real Estate, MIT
Nicolas Jeanrenaud, Graduate student in Technology & Policy at the MIT Institute for Data, Systems and Society, and Sustainable Urbanization Lab, MIT

Project Report:
2020-2022 Seed Project Report